Diabetology is a branch of Endocrinology that deals with Diabetes mellitus. Diabetes or diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disease which causes high level blood sugar. In this chronic condition, there is an insufficient production of insulin which is responsible for moving sugar from the blood into cells. It can affect various parts of body like the heart, brain, eyes and kidney. Endocrinology includes all the glands of the endocrine (hormone) system.

Diabetes is a disease which occurs when our blood glucose, also called blood sugar is too high. It has become a major health issue. Diabetes is a chronic illness that requires continuing medical care and patient self-management education to prevent acute complications and to reduce the risk of long-term complications. Diabetes care is complex and requires many issues, beyond glycemic control. A large body of evidence exists that supports a range of interventions to improve diabetes outcomes.

One having too much glucose in blood can cause health problems, such as heart disease, nerve damage, eye problems, and kidney disease. You can take steps to prevent diabetes and also manage it. Blood glucose is the main source of energy which comes from the food you eat. Insulin is a hormone made by the pancreas which helps glucose from food to get into your cells that can be used for energy. Sometimes your body doesn’t make any insulin or doesn’t use insulin well. Then the Glucose stays in blood and doesn’t reach your cells.

Although diabetes has no cure, you can take steps to manage your diabetes and stay healthy. People sometimes call diabetes “a touch of sugar” or “borderline diabetes.” These terms suggest that someone doesn’t really have diabetes or has a less serious case, but every case of diabetes is serious. Diabetology is the clinical science of diabetes mellitus, its diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. It can be considered a specialised field of endocrinology. The term diabetologist is used in several ways. Diabetology is not a recognized medical specialty. Diabetologist refers to any physician, including endocrinologists, whose practice and research efforts are concentrated mainly in diabetes care. Apart from regulating medication dosage and timing, a diabetologist will also concern themselves with the potential consequences of diabetes, e.g. retinopathy, nephropathy and peripheral neuropathy.